January 2023 Editors’ Note
Dear Readers, Editorial Board Members, and Authors,
We hope that you are enjoying your winter and that the year 2022 was safe and productive. We are excited to offer the January 2023 issue of the Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship (JOSEA).
This issue celebrates ten years of JOSEA’s scholarly service to the community of early career faculty. We thank Dr. Sang Seok Nam, the Journal’s founder, and the Editorial Review Board for their continued support and tireless service as reviewers.
The last six months were very productive for the JOSEA. We received many submissions and several proposals in response to the call for the special issue (coming spring 2023). The current issue features five manuscripts.
The foci of the articles in the issue are two-fold, with four articles discussing pre-service and in-service teacher training and one article examining instruction and intervention for secondary students with autism
spectrum disorder. We grouped the manuscripts into two sections with a research and practice focus, respectively.
The issue opens with an exploratory article by Fisher and Norris, who examine characteristics of the field placements in special education. The authors surveyed 42 faculty members across 18 states.
The article describes a variety of field placements and the responsibilities of the teacher candidates, university supervisors, and clinical supervisors, linking these to the current issues in the field of special education teacher training,
including candidates’ outcomes and attrition. The paper by Evashkovsky and Osipova extends the topic of teacher training to the beginning in-service special education teachers’ experiences as they navigate the first years of the profession.
The paper takes a close look at the types of the mentorship relationships that the teachers form with paraprofessionals in the classroom, challenging the notion that the teacher is always the leader in the classroom.
Donehower and colleagues studied the use of a simulation environment to train pre-service and in-service general and special education teachers to conduct functional analysis (FA) procedures with fidelity.
The team compared simulation training results to traditional instruction. The results indicated that simulated training experiences can be as effective as role-play experiences in training teachers to implement FA procedures.
The benefits of simulation training are discussed.
The research section of this issue is concluded by a systematic review of literature by Mahoney, who examined peer-mediated interventions (PMI) as an academic support strategy for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
The study describes four models of PMI used to promote on-task academic achievement and correct academic responding. The author provides suggestions for future research and recommendations for the use of peer-mediated interventions in inclusive secondary classrooms.
The issue closes with the practice piece by Higgins, Riggleman, and Lohmann. The authors discuss the critical importance of creating quality Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs) for young children in early childhood settings.
Early childhood special education teachers other team members are given guidance for writing quality BIPs for young children receiving special education services.
The article provides a framework for writing an effective BIP, discusses effective strategies for BIP development, and offers recommendations for early childhood special education teachers.
We hope that you will find the January 2023 issue of the JOSEA informative and thought-provoking. We would like to thank the authors for their excellent articles and the reviewers for their detailed and timely reviews.
Looking forward to the new submissions and wishing you a great 2023,
Anna Osipova
Jemma Kim
Co-Editors
Articles
Characteristics of Special Education Field Placements: An Exploratory Study
Karin M. Fisher1and Angela Norris2
1Georgia Southern University
2University of Northern Colorado
Abstract: Research and policy in the field of teacher education recommend that special education (SPED) programs include opportunities for candidates to practice in supervised field experiences.
Such field experiences (a) engage candidates in professional practice, (b) reduce their anxiety, (c) gain confidence, and (d) allow them to view themselves as educators.
However, there is a lack of research on the characteristics of field placements in SPED. As a result of the dearth in the literature, the researchers discussed the results of an exploratory single survey
study of 42 faculty members from institutes of higher education (IHE) from across the United States (US). Results found variability of data from institutions in 18 different states.
The characteristics of field placements and the responsibilities of the teacher candidate (TC), university supervisor (US), and clinical supervisor (CS) are described. Lastly,
the mean number of hours in each placement was calculated and described for Bachelor of Science in Education (BSED) programs, along with implications and future research.
Keywords: placements, teacher preparation, teacher candidates, university supervisors
Understanding Novice Special Education Teachers’ and Paraeducators’ Mentorship Relationships: A Comparative Case Study
Maya Evashkovsky1 and Anna V. Osipova2
1University of California, Los Angeles
2California State University, Los Angeles
Abstract: Novice special education teachers (SETs) often report on stress and burnout in their jobs, identifying collaboration with colleagues as a factor that supports them during the first years (Belknap & Taymans, 2015). While previous research focused on teachers' support from their mentor teachers, administrators, and colleagues, in this study we examined the mentorship relationship between SETs and their classroom paraeducators. We analyzed interviews of three novice SETs who taught in a large urban school district. All participants taught in Special Day Classrooms (SDC) and worked closely with paraeducators. The findings of this comparative case study suggest that these relationships are important for teachers' assimilation in the classroom. Results show the mentorship can be bidirectional, where experienced paraeducators support the novice teacher, or where teachers take an active role in mentoring their team. In addition, findings suggest that in the absence of any mentorship, the relationship with the paraeducators becomes a burden for novice teachers as they try to navigate their new roles and duties. The paper provides recommendations for practice and future research.
Keywords: paraeducators, novice teachers, special education, mentorship
Functional Analysis in Simulated Environments
Claire Donehower Paul1, Jennifer Walker2, Cathy Thomas3, Matthew Taylor4, Jamie Best5, Morgan Diaz5, Chad A. Rose6, and Eleazar Vasquez5
1Georgia State University
2University of Mary Washington
3Texas State University
4Salve Regina University
5University of Central Florida
6University of Missouri
Abstract: The need for highly effective and qualified special educators continues to be a national concern. One of the primary reasons why teachers leave the profession is a lack of effective behavior management skills. Learning how to assess challenging behavior and its causes through functional analysis is one method to enhance teacher skillset in this critical area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a simulation environment to train pre-service and in-service general and special education teachers to conduct functional analysis procedures with fidelity and compare those results to traditional didactic instruction. The results of the study show that simulated rehearsal experiences can be as effective as traditional role play experiences in training teachers to implement functional analysis procedures and may have added benefits such as increased safety and access to immediate feedback and coaching.
Keywords: functional analysis, simulation, technology, teacher preparation
Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention to Support the Academic Achievement of Secondary Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Michael W. M. Mahoney, Ph.D.
Literacy, Early, Bilingual and Special Education
California State University, Fresno
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review peer-mediated interventions (PMI) as an effective teaching strategy in supporting the academic achievement of students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and additional learning needs. Using a systematic review of the literature, eleven (11) peer-reviewed articles met the criteria for inclusion. Results of this search identified four models of PMI that were used to promote on-task academic achievement and increases in correct academic responding. This paper concludes with suggestions for future research and recommendations for implementing peer-mediated interventions in larger inclusive secondary classroom settings.
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), peer-mediated instruction and interventions (PMI), secondary, academic achievement, academic engagement
A Practical Guide to Writing Behavior Intervention Plans for Young Children
Johanna P. Higgins1, Samantha Riggleman2, and Marla J. Lohmann3
1Independent Consultant
2St. Joseph University
3Colorado Christian University
Abstract: Early childhood special education (ECSE) teachers support children who qualify for Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004). ECSEs generally serve children under the age of five and are often asked to guide the development of a plan to decrease persistent challenging behaviors of children in classrooms. IDEA indicates that a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP), based on the results of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA), be developed, written, and implemented when a child engages in behaviors preventing him/her or children in the classroom from learning. This article is designed to guide ECSEs and other team members to write quality BIPs for young children receiving special education services. The importance of BIPs, effective strategies teams can use to develop BIPs, key components of BIPs, and recommendations for teachers are provided. A hypothetical case study weaved through this article shares the experiences of Marco, a young child with autism, his family, and ECSE teacher as she leads the BIP development process in collaboration with her team.
Keywords: early childhood special education teacher, behavior intervention plan, young children, challenging behaviors